SELECTION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM ANONACEAE OF THE CERRADO WITH POTENTIAL FOR THE CONTROL OF Spodoptera frugiperda
Endophytes. Annonaceae. Insecticidal Activity.
Annona coriacea is a Cerrado plant that produces several bioactive compounds, including substances with insecticidal activity. Endophytic fungi associated with this plant inhabit its internal tissues and produce metabolites similar to those of their host plants, potentially exhibiting bioactivity against insects. The objective of this study was to select endophytic fungi isolated from Annona coriacea with potential for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Initially, the endophytic fungi, belonging to the mycotheque of the Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory at UNEMAT, were tested for the production of insect tegument-degrading enzymes. They were grown in PDA medium and incubated for seven days at 28°C. They were then inoculated into specific culture media: olive oil (for lipase detection), milk protein (for protease), and crustacean chitin (for chitinase). The fungi selected based on enzymatic activity were recultivated in PDA and then transferred to liquid medium, incubated for seven days at 28 °C and 120 rpm. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated on a rotary evaporator, resulting in an organic extract containing secondary metabolites. These extracts were diluted in a 5% ethyl acetate solution and applied to S. frugiperda mortality tests, evaluating daily for mortality and sublethal effects. Of the 18 isolates selected for enzyme production, ten were tested (AC11, AC16, AC17, AC20, AC21, AC23, AC25, AC26, AC29, and AC35), with mortality occurring only in isolate AC26 (10%). However, poor pulp formation was observed (AC11, AC17, and AC35 with 20% and AC20 with 10% of the sample). New tests are still needed to identify metabolite extracts of endophytic fungi with greater insecticidal potential against S. frugiperda.Further testing is still needed to identify isolates with greater insecticidal potential against S. frugiperda.