Challenges of Climate Change in Tomato Production Planning
Solanum lycopersicum; Agricultural sustainability; Crop yield, Greenhouse effect, Food security.
Climate change represents a growing challenge for tomato production, directly influencing yield, fruit quality, plant health management and crop sustainability. Rising temperatures and water shortages can reduce productivity by up to 85% in extreme scenarios, compromising food security and the economic viability of production. In addition, rising temperatures and changes in rainfall favor the proliferation of pests and diseases, requiring more effective management strategies to reduce losses. Tomato production also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, especially in temperate regions, due to the use of heated greenhouses and the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers. To mitigate these impacts, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices, such as adjustments to the planting calendar, the use of climate monitoring technologies and efficient irrigation systems. In the context of the state of Mato Grosso, the definition of a tomato plant's edaphoclimatic zoning is essential in order to identify the most suitable areas for cultivation, taking into account regional climatic impacts. This study seeks to map out favourable soil and climate conditions for the crop, proposing strategies to mitigate climate risks and optimize production. Faced with these challenges, the integration of innovative agricultural practices, effective public policies and advanced technologies is essential to guarantee sustainable production and strengthen food security. Agricultural planning must be guided by adaptation and mitigation strategies that align tomato production with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promoting a more resilient and sustainable agriculture.