ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM ANNONACEAE AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF THEIR METABOLITES
Annona coriacea. Antimicrobial compounds. Biotechnology of substances
Medicinal plants have a vast and rich source of natural substances used to treat a wide range of pathologies, thus portraying their importance in the basis of discovery for new drugs. Research has stood out in the relationship between endophytic fungi and host plant, since these microorganisms are recognized for their high capacity to produce secondary metabolites with several biological functions, among them the antimicrobial potential that can present new therapeutic alternatives in the control of clinically relevant pathogens. Plants of the Annonaceae family such as the species Annona coriacea are distributed in the cerrado and stand out for producing substances with famacologic potential, such as acetogenins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi isolated from these plants have shown to be promising sources of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microorganisms. Endophytic fungi are promising candidates in the production of metabolites that act with antimicrobials, as they establish symbiotic associations with host plants and, in the process, produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds. The study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from various plant tissues, including seeds, roots, leaves, and stem of Annona coriacea. The secondary metabolites of the fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using a well diffusion assay against the microbial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. This research resulted in 36 fungal extracts, being from seeds, roots and leaves. The strains of Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicilium spp., as well as others were active with weak, moderate and strong potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms performed by means of a well agar diffusion test. Therefore, they can be considered sources of antibacterial compounds, but with the need for further investigation to isolate and characterize these bioactive compounds.