Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: Mara Maria Dutra

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : Mara Maria Dutra
DATA : 16/10/2024
HORA: 08:00
LOCAL: Modo virtual
TÍTULO:

Araguaia Native communities and fronts of capitalist expansion: socioenvironmental harms to the Apyãwa Indigenous people of the Brazilian Amazon

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Amazon; territory; alterations; culture; Indigenous

PÁGINAS: 129
GRANDE ÁREA: Outra
ÁREA: Ciências Ambientais
RESUMO:

Understanding the history of Indigenous peoples' struggle for survival is part of the agenda of Indigenous resistance movements, which are becoming increasingly active, faced with external pressures from capitalism and internal demands for health, education, sociocultural reproduction, and territorial issues, among others. The annihilation and extermination caused by the logic of integrationist development in the Legal Amazon have left scars on nature and the memory of the Tapirapé Indigenous people, who refer to themselves as the Apyãwa. The central objective of this thesis was to analyze how capitalist advances in agricultural, urban, and industrial fronts affected the traditional way of life of the Apyãwa (Tapirapé) Indigenous people in the Urubu Branco Indigenous Land, located in Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The study is divided into four sections in the form of articles, with a qualitative approach. The first section, based on a comprehensive bibliographic review of historical reference materials, describes the socioterritorial trajectory of the Apyãwa people from the sixteenth century onward and the relationship between the first contacts with non-Indigenous society and population decline in the mid-twentieth century. The results indicate that the Apyãwa migrated from the Brazilian coast in the sixteenth century and, after some displacements, inhabited the vicinity of the Serra do Urubu Branco as early as the nineteenth century, in the northeastern region of Mato Grosso State. Around the year 1900, the Apyãwa had a total population of approximately 1,500 individuals. After the first contacts with non-Indigenous people (from 1910 onward), they were reduced to only 47 individuals in 1952. The process of populational, sociocultural, and territorial revitalization is the subject of the second article. This article explores the influence and involvement of the congregation of the Little Sisters of Jesus among the Apyãwa people, from 1952 onward, when the sisters began to live with the Indigenous community and remained there for 65 years. The historical survey and interviews with 27 Indigenous people revealed that the sisters' presence ensured not only the survival of the Apyãwa but also a fraternal life, health care, and maintenance of the territory, initiating the struggle for their rights. The third section portrays the process of de-re-territorialization of the Tapirapé people, who were forced to abandon their ancestral territory in 1947 and experienced several displacements and relocations. It describes the collective movement of struggle and resistance, which culminated in the reclaiming of their ancestral territory in 1993. This was achieved through organization and the return to their territory, which was greatly degraded owing to the environmental damage caused by large-scale farmers. The fourth article investigates the main changes in the way of life of the Apyãwa since the reclaiming of their ancestral territory in 1993 and describes their current modus vivendi. The use and occupation of the territory by agricultural companies caused great deforestation, which forced them to change their traditional way of life. The perceptions of the interviewed Indigenous people about the need to remodel their living space (the environment), social system, economic life, and ceremonial and ritual life are presented. As general results, the thesis states that, although being deterritorialized and on the verge of extinction, the Indigenous people survived, multiplied, and resisted, teaching us an important lesson. Through struggle and resistance, they reconquered their ancestral territory and, now, are collectively seeking alternative strategies to preserve the sustainability of their traditional, social, cultural, and spiritual way of life.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 83260001 - AUMERI CARLOS BAMPI
Interna - 420.965.451-53 - CELIA ALVES DE SOUZA - UNEMAT
Interno - 802.146.574-34 - FLÁVIO BEZERRA BARROS - UFPA
Externo ao Programa - 38925002 - ALCEU ZOIA
Externo à Instituição - ADNILSON DE ALMEIDA SILVA -
Externo à Instituição - HEITOR QUEIROZ DE MEDEIROS -