Banca de DEFESA: NATASHA RAYANE DE OLIVEIRA LIMA

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : NATASHA RAYANE DE OLIVEIRA LIMA
DATA : 26/07/2024
HORA: 14:00
LOCAL: Sala virtual do google meet
TÍTULO:

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE LEGAL AMAZON: An integrated approach to health indicators and air quality.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

forest fires, indicators of morbidity and mortality.

PÁGINAS: 101
GRANDE ÁREA: Outra
ÁREA: Ciências Ambientais
RESUMO:

The Brazilian Legal Amazon faces an intense deforestation process, exacerbated by the context of climate change and weaknesses in environmental enforcement agencies, resulting in increased frequency and intensity of forest fires. These fires emit pollutants and raise temperatures, posing a significant threat to human health. This thesis is presented in two manuscripts, aiming to analyze health indicators defined by morbidity and mortality, as well as the impacts of exposure to air pollution on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases over the past two decades (2010–2021). The first manuscript provides an analysis of health status using morbidity and mortality indicators, comparing intra- and interstate regions within Brazil. Temporal and spatial analyses were conducted, identifying clusters from 2010 to 2021. Diseases of the circulatory system stood out as the leading cause of death, accounting for 23% of all deaths. Additionally, 52.6% of infant deaths occurred during the early neonatal period, with infant mortality rates above the national average. Maternal mortality ratios were also high between 2010 and 2021. Rates of diseases such as Chagas disease, AIDS, leprosy, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, and tuberculosis remained above the national average. Locations at the extremes of the Legal Amazon, such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Vale do Acre, southern Mato Grosso, and capitals like Belém and São Luís, are identified as high-risk areas for the analyzed outcomes. The second manuscript estimated the impact on mortality and hospitalizations from respiratory and circulatory diseases due to exposure to fine particulate matter among residents of the Legal Amazon and surrounding areas. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a total of 15,622 (3%) deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 8,042 (3.8%) deaths from respiratory diseases, as well as 23,439 (1.3%) hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and 108,868 (3.9%) hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. The sub-region with the highest PM2.5 concentration was the Deforestation Arc, with the capital Porto Velho-RO recording the highest daily average exposures. Given the challenges revealed by the study's findings, it is concluded that prioritizing adaptation measures and specific public health interventions is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of exposure to fine particulate matter and its impact on morbidity and mortality in the region. These results provide valuable insights to support the formulation of policies and public strategies aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change, particularly in the health sector.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 82314101 - ELIANE IGNOTTI
Interna - 80797005 - CARLA GALBIATI
Interna - 181.924.407-53 - SANDRA DE SOUZA HACON - Fiocruz - RJ
Interno - 118188003 - ERNANDES SOBREIRA OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
Interno - 61265002 - ANTONIO FRANCISCO MALHEIROS
Externo à Instituição - ISMAEL HENRIQUE DA SILVEIRA - UFBA
Externa à Instituição - 002.523.781-05 - BEATRIZ FATIMA ALVES DE OLIVEIRA - Fiocruz - RJ
Externa à Instituição - 093.449.757-52 - Ludmilla da Silva Viana Jacobson - UFF