THE PRODUCTION OF MEANINGS ABOUT AGRICULTURE IN BRAZILIAN SONGS
Discourse; Analysis; Song; Agribusiness.
This thesis, part of the Discursive Processes Study research line of the Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Linguistics at the Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), aims to analyze, from the theoretical perspective of Materialist Discourse Analysis, conceived in France by Michel Pêcheux and developed in Brazil by Eni Orlandi and several other prominent intellectuals, the meanings produced by/about Agro/Agribusiness in Brazilian songs that have or have had widespread circulation in analog and digital media. The corpus we analyzed as discourse analysts consisted of songs, videos, reports, news stories, and advertisements available on the Internet and other media. First, we explored the historical production conditions (lato sensu) of agricultural activity in Brazil. We moved from an incipient but promising agricultural production, partly destined for domestic consumption, to a large extent, however, production shifted to the export of commodities, thus following a long tradition that, proportionately, has left remnants of this mentality permeating agribusiness practices to this day. Regarding the more immediate production conditions (stricto sensu), we sought to highlight other forms of production, such as Family Farming and Agroecology. Subsumed within the logic that Agribusiness is everything, they end up being rendered invisible by agribusiness, even though it is responsible for producing the majority of food consumed by the Brazilian people. In the second phase, we sought to bring into our analysis the discourses of artists, in songs and prose, whether ideologically tied to the sector or not. We noted that most of the songs follow the logic of discursive stability and thus freeze the meanings of agribusiness. However, there are also songs that, through the operation of polysemy, destabilize the meanings and construct rhizomes, causing them to slip into other meanings. In the third phase, we brought into our analysis the media discourses on agribusiness, whose image is promoted to obscure the vital role of other forms of agricultural production. Our work is vital to deconstructing Rede Globo's slogan (Agriculture is tech. Agriculture is pop. Agriculture is everything. Agriculture: the industrial wealth of Brazil). Our goal is to show how the campaign, propagated through a wide-reaching mass media outlet, constructs an ideologically "positive" image of agribusiness, using the "wind tongue" (fluid, persuasive), which, combined with the "wooden tongue," acts as tools of the Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) to ensure public acceptance and maintain the power of the capitalist production model in rural areas. In the final chapter of this work, we conduct a more in-depth analysis of the songs in which, under the light of theory, we observed the contradictions of the musical discourses. While some songs attempt to silence the contradictions of the system, others present themselves as denunciations of agribusiness's modus operandi. The analysis concludes that music functions as a battlefield, where criticism uses the incompleteness of language to break the silence and denaturalize the dominant discourse of agribusiness's destructive development.