CONSTRUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION OF RACISM IN BRAZIL THROUGH ANTI-BLACK DISCOURSE: A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH BETWEEN AL, CDA, AND CTDA
Applied Linguistics. Critical Discourse Analysis. Critical Technocultural Analysis Discourse. Anti-Blackness. Whiteness.
The anti-Black logic that structures Brazilian racism did not emerge in contemporary times, as it has deep roots in colonial and religious discourses produced since the 16th century, when the enslavement of African peoples was legitimized by legal, theological, and scientific narratives that constructed Blackness as an inferior, dangerous, and subordinate existence. Throughout the 17th to 20th centuries, the period in which the material samples selected for this research are situated, this grammar of dehumanization was reworked in official documents, the press, advertising, and institutional practices that consolidated whiteness as a symbolic and epistemological norm. In the 19th and 20th centuries, this discursive order intensified in mass media, perpetuating representations that exoticized, silenced, or ridiculed Black bodies. In the digital age, such practices do not disappear, but shift, take on new forms, and are automated by algorithms, image banks, and search engines, which then reproduce and amplify historically constituted inequalities. Given this scenario, this thesis seeks to understand to what extent anti-Black discourse, materialized in historical, media, and digital discursive practices, has contributed to the construction and consolidation of racism in Brazil, sustaining whiteness as the norm and discrediting Blackness as a subject fully possessing humanity. To this end, I adopt a transdisciplinary approach, anchored in the postulates of Critical Applied Linguistics (Moita Lopes, 2006; Rajagopalan, 2006), Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2001; Van Dijk, 2008) and Technocultural Critical Discourse Analysis (Brock, 2020), articulated with the theory of anti-Blackness (Vargas, 2020; Pinho, 2021), whiteness (Schwarcz, 1993; Schucman (2012), and the contributions of Black epistemologies and decolonial thought (Gonzalez, 2020; Fanon, 2008; Mbembe, 2018; Mignolo, 2010; Walsh, 2013). This theoretical framework allows us to understand language as a historically situated social practice, traversed This study examines power relations, racialization, and technology, and allows us to explore how discursive regimes are maintained, reconfigured, and updated in the digital realm. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research study of a bibliographical, documentary, and exploratory-descriptive-explanatory nature, organized around the analysis of three sets of materialities: (i) colonial and legal documents produced between the 17th and 19th centuries, the temporal scope established in this research, which evidence and update the discursive genesis of anti-Blackness in the colonial and imperial context; (ii) media and humorous pieces from the 20th and 21st centuries, which show the permanence and naturalization of racial stereotypes; and (iii) contemporary digital materialities (racist content and decolonial responses on Instagram), which reveal how algorithms reproduce and amplify historical processes of erasure, exoticization, and marginalization of Blackness. The analyses were organized into the categories of naturalization, erasure, exoticization, and resistance, in order to highlight both the This thesis examines the logic of anti-Blackness production and Black resistance movements in the digital realm. Preliminary results demonstrate that colonial discursive practices that defined Black people as "non-beings" remain operative in media and digital representations, albeit reconfigured by technological devices. I observed that colonial legal and religious discourse inaugurated an ontology of inferiority that has been updated by science, the media, and, today, algorithms. I also identified that, although whiteness remains the normative and epistemic axis in the construction of representations, Black resistance practices emerge, especially in digital quilombo environments, which challenge, contest, and displace historically naturalized meanings. Thus, by highlighting the historical continuity of anti-Blackness and its technological reconfigurations, this research contributes to strengthening critical studies of language and anti-racist epistemologies, while reaffirming the urgency of understanding how discourses, institutions, and platforms continue to produce racial inequalities. The thesis, therefore, is inscribed as a gesture. analytical and political unveiling, pointing to the need for historical accountability, reparation, and the construction of futures where Black lives are fully recognized in their dignity, humanity, and potential.