Characterization of Fusarium spp. isolates and evaluation of resistance in commercial teak clones
Fusarium spp.; clonal selection; Tectona grandis
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a cosmopolitan species widely cultivated due to its adaptability, durability, and high timber value. However, the predominance of monoculture systems increases vulnerability to attacks by phytopathogenic fungi, compromising productivity and making the adoption of management strategies, such as the use of resistant genotypes, essential for the sustainability of commercial plantations. This study aimed to characterize Fusarium isolates associated with teak and to evaluate the response of commercial clones to the pathogen. A total of 15 isolates were collected from commercial plantations located in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil. The isolates were obtained, purified, and preliminarily identified based on morphological characteristics and subsequently subjected to pathogenicity tests in teak seedlings following Koch’s postulates. The assays confirmed the ability of the isolates to cause vascular wilt symptoms, with significant differences in aggressiveness among them. Some isolates showed higher severity and rapid disease progression. The isolates are currently being characterized through sequencing of specific molecular markers and phylogenetic analyses in order to determine their taxonomic identity and genetic diversity. In parallel, the evaluation of polyresistance in commercial teak genotypes is underway using different isolate mixtures, along with leaf reflectance analyses to investigate physiological changes associated with infection. The results will contribute to the understanding of the diversity and pathogenic potential of Fusarium in teak and will provide support for breeding programs aimed at selecting genotypes with greater resistance and improved sanitary stability for commercial plantations.