Impact evaluation of the Technological Reference Unit (URT) on adoption of sustainable integrated production systems in Mato Grosso
Impact Evaluation, Integrated Crop-Livestock, Technological Reference Unit, Production System, Sustainable Production, Difference-in-Differences.
The Technology Reference Unit (URT) is a modality of technology transfer (TT) that demonstrates a practical application of the Crop-Livestock Integration (ICL) system, with expected impacts of an increase in adoption rate of integrated systems. This study evaluated the impact of URT presence on ICL adoption in Mato Grosso using a staggered-entry Difference-in-Differences (DD) model and the estimator proposed by Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021). This estimator calculates the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) by combining Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) with regression adjustment. Results show that the presence of a URT in a municipality increased the area devoted to ICL by approximately 11,000 hectares compared to the counterfactual scenario (i.e., absence of a URT). When neighboring municipalities were included as the URT’s area of influence, the estimated ATT suggests an additional increase of about 3,300 hectares. In proportional terms, URT presence raised the agricultural area under ICL by 11 percentage points relative to the untreated scenario. However, when the analysis was extended to the area of influence, the ATT was not statistically significant. We conclude that URT presence contributed significantly to the expansion of ICL area in the municipalities studied, confirming the effectiveness of this technology-transfer modality in promoting sustainable production systems. A SWOT analysis and a Business Model Canvas did not identify any significant barriers to URT implementation, which was carried out through partnerships without generating direct revenues or costs.