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ADRIANA DE AVILA E SILVA
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Características e atributos químicos do solo amazônico em diferentes manejos
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Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
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Data: Jan 27, 2022
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The growth of world population has led to the expansion of agricultural areas to produce food that meet world demand, making it necessary to increase productivity and maintain sustainability in these areas. In this work was evaluated the effect of different Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) types, namely native forest, pasture, rice and soybean crops on the spatial variability of soil fertility and texture. Descriptive statistical analysis take base on pH, H+Al, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, m, organic matter, clay, silt and sand values from soil samples about the different LULC. To verify the normality of the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test at 5% significance was performed, outlier analysis using boxplot graphics, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, using R software. In addition, the data were submitted to geostatistical analysis to verify the degree of spatial dependence of the variables through semivariograms, for interpolated kriging maps generated in the GS+ software. It was verified that the forest area has less fertility and greater acidity, whereas crop areas presented the opposite result. Except for silt, all variables were well represented in the factor map, in relation to PCA values the variability can be explained mainly by pH, V, Ca, K and Zn values inversely proportional to m, P and Sand. Through geostatistical analysis, spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was observed, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice and soybean areas. Through geostatistical analysis, spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was found, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice and soybean areas.
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JAQUELINE AMORIM DE OLIVEIRA
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Plantas da transição: espécies utilizadas em restauração florestal apresentam ajustes estruturais de resistência às mudanças climáticas?
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Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
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Data: Jan 31, 2022
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The Amazon Forest is expanding rapidly over the Cerrado, due to environmental and climatic conditions. In order to understand the strategies, the appearance of plants in the face of climate change, characteristics were analyzed, specifically morphological, anatomical and hydraulic. Here, we aim to investigate the hydraulic functioning of transitional (Cerrado-Amazonian) plants in comparison with plants from the Amazon savannah, a goal of sense of relationship and coordination of structure/function between leaf and wood. In addition to answering the following questions: (i) Do transitional plants present attributes in the leaf and in the wood that converge to xeromorphism when compared to species from the Amazon savannah? (ii) Which delivery plans do they present that reflect a safe hydraulic system based on leaf and wood coordination, which enable the indication for forest restoration? The botanical material was processed according to standard plant anatomy techniques. Subsequently, analyzes were performed under an optical microscope to guide the morphoanatomical attributes. The attributes that they grouped as species of SA and one of the transitional plants are related to less water loss through leaves and greater safety in water transport, for example, greater wood density for this group of species. In contrast, transitional plants reflect more transpiration on the leaves. Based on our morphoanatomical study, we provide evidence that confirms a promoter species for forest restoration, only Enterolobium schomburgkii among the five transitional plants indicated by Arguelho (2021) due to the clear presence of attributes that converge to xeromorphism.
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JÉSSICA MARCIELLA ALMEIDA RODRIGUES
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Conflitos entre onças e bovinocultores no sul da Amazônia brasileira
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Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
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Data: Feb 2, 2022
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The advance of agribusiness on native vegetation has promoted an increasing isolation of wild animal populations in vegetation islands, with limited food supply. Thus, this work aimed to estimate the number of cattle slaughtered by jaguars (Panthera onca and Puma concolor) during one year in a cattle-producing municipality in southern Brazilian Amazon (Alta Floresta –MT). The owners or those responsible for the properties were basically asked how many heads of cattle were on the property and how many heads of cattle were lost to jaguars in 2020. Data from a total of 409 cattle farms were analyzed. Of this total, there were reports of predation by jaguars in 81 of the properties (19.8%). When extrapolating the data for the entire municipality, considering the size of the herd, an average of 970 animals killed per jaguar is obtained annually. The total number of cattle from the interviewed properties was 261,888 heads, equivalent to 34.21% of the entire herd in the municipality. Of this total, records of 332 cattle slaughtered by jaguars were obtained, representing a mortality rate of 0.12% over the herd. The landscape connectivity analysis showed that the highest connectivity rate was a thousand meters (m) away, which represented about 13.87% (17,848) of the connections. The results of the work showed that: i) despite the low lethality of one bovine preyed on every thousand heads, cattle raisers resent and justify their dislike for felines for the monetary damage caused by them; ii) The mobility of cats between forest fragments; iii) The decline in the population of cats in the municipality; iv) The absence of anti-predation techniques applied by ranchers; v) The municipality has potential for the exploration of feline sighting tourism.
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MAÍSA BARBOSA LAUTON NERY
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TRILHA ECOLÓGICA INTERPRETATIVA: DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA AMAZÔNIA À ACESSIBILIDADE PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICÊNCIAS
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Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
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Data: Feb 22, 2022
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The Amazon biome has a significant biological and socio-environmental value for the world, harboring a great diversity of species of flora, fauna and traditional knowledge of local communities. of the preservation and conservation of the environment. Entering Environmental Education in this scenario, awareness, solidarity, equality and respect for human rights must be stimulated, using democratic strategies and interaction between cultures. The problem of the lack of accessibility in ecological trails for all people, including those with disabilities (PwD), motivated us to formulate the present work, which aimed to build an interpretive ecological trail in a conservation area in the South of the Amazon, as instrument of direct contact with nature, ensuring accessibility even for people with disabilities, whether physical, mental, intellectual or sensory. The trail was opened in an area of 500 hectares of native Amazon forest, located in the experimental area of the Executive Commission of the Cacaueira Crop Plan (CEPLAC) in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the south of the Mato Grosso Amazon. The trail followed the ICMBio trail planning and fundamentals, classifying it as “Class 5 trail (high intervention), with adaptations along the way, aiming at accessibility and social inclusion, in addition to moments of interpretation on the trail, with the sharpening of the five senses. For data collection, we used questionnaires as a research instrument. We carried out 11 visits, serving 107 volunteers, 81 people without disabilities (76%) and 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) (24%), which cover: Visual (blind and low vision); Auditory (deaf); Physical (wheelchair user and low mobility); Intellectual and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Bringing the focus to the main questions, in the questionnaires applied before the visit, when asked if they knew the forest in our region, 28% said they knew it reasonably, 23% said they knew it well and 24% knew it very well. And, about 40% of the visitors said they had reasonable knowledge about the plants and animals of the region and 28% said they had a good knowledge about the fauna and flora. And for the questionnaires applied after the visit, about 68% of the volunteers said that the connection with nature through the trail was very good and that it served as an efficient tool and regarding their experience about accessibility and inclusion when walking on the trail, 13% of the 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) said that the experience was good. We found acceptable visitor approval by analyzing the questions asked to each of them. Therefore, the construction of the trail proved to be an efficient instrument of direct contact with nature, bringing the focus of knowledge of the Amazon forest, in addition to bringing to light the opinion of PwDs who, for a long time, were excluded from experiences inside a forest. . Therefore, we believe that our work served as a new educational practice under a pedagogical bias of inclusion and accessibility, serving as a basis for future studies with trails of this model, this being a pioneering study in the region.
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DANIELA DOMÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA
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POTENCIAL INSETICIDA E CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS E FITOQUÍMICAS DE FOLHAS DE Apeiba tibourbou (Aubl.).
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Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
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Data: Feb 23, 2022
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The species Apeiba tibourbou (Aubl.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, is popularly known as monkey comb and balsa wood, and is widely used in folk medicine. Individuals belonging to the Malvaceae family have in their secondary metabolism a variety of chemical compounds that act in the defense mechanism against herbivory such as alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Understanding the physical characteristics and chemical compounds present in plants with insecticidal properties has been important for the development of new management techniques and new phytosanitary products with low environmental impact. In bibliographic research, there was a scarcity of data about the species Apeiba tibourbou, and its chemical and anatomical composition. The present work describes anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical characteristics present in the leaves of Apeiba tibourbou, and evaluates its insecticidal potential in the control of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Atta sexdens L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phytochemical and histochemical analyzes and the anatomical description allowed the determination of the presence of starches, total lipids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, mucilages, terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones, calcium oxalates and trichomes. To evaluate the insecticidal potential of Apeiba tibourbou extract in adult individuals of Aphis craccivora, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves were prepared and subsequently applied at concentrations of: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%. Survival assessment was performed at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. There was a significant decrease in the survival rate of individuals, and the hydroalcoholic extract obtained better results than the aqueous extract. In the bioassays with workers of Atta sexdens, hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from the bark and leaves of Apeiba tibourbou. The workers separated from the colony were placed in glass flasks, where the topical application of the extract was carried out, each repetition received a pad containing distilled water and an artificial diet cube based on agar and extract-free dextrose. Survival assessments were performed every 24 hours for a period of 15 days. There was a gradual decrease in the survival rate with increasing exposure time to hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves of Apeiba tibourbou, showing to be a promising species for the control of Atta sexdens. Thus, the species Apeiba tibourbou has insecticidal potential in the control of Aphis craccivora and Atta sexdens in the laboratory.
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LAIZ BRUNA DINIZ DA SILVA MARTINS
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COMPOSIÇÃO, ESTRUTURA E DIVERSIDADE DE FLORESTAS AMAZÔNICAS MATO-GROSSENSES PARA ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS COMERCIAIS
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Advisor : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
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Data: Feb 24, 2022
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MAIARA CRISTINA METZDORF DA SILVA
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Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de mandiocas cultivadas em assentamentos do Norte do Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
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Data: Feb 28, 2022
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Manihot esculenta Crantz belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as cassava or manioc. The cultivation of cassava is largely carried out by family farmers. The present study aimed to carry out a survey and phenotypic and molecular characterization of the landraces cultivated by small farmers in the North of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The research was carried out in three settlements, Nossa Senhora Aparecida (NSA), Júlio Firmino Domingues (JFD) in the municipality of Alta Floresta and the São Pedro settlement (ASP) in the municipality of Paranaíta. The survey and phenotypic characterization were carried out during visits to the farmers' plantations in the three settlements. The data collected in the field were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the frequency of cultivation and the frequency of the phenotypic classes of each descriptor were calculated. To evaluate the genetic diversity, leaf samples of each landrace were collected for DNA extraction. A total of 33 properties were visited, 76 cassava landraces were surveyed and characterized, identifying 22 landraces with different names. The “cacau” cassava showed high frequency, cultivated in 69.7% of the properties, being the dominant landrace in the three settlements. Morphological characterization using 13 qualitative descriptors revealed a total of 44 phenotypic classes, evidencing genetic variability among the landraces. For molecular characterization, the 15 ISSR primers amplified 223 fragments, revealing 95% of polymorphism. Genetic dissimilarity values ranged between 0.091 and 0.618. The groupings by the UPGMA method formed 9 distinct groups, the group GI was the most representative (44.47%), the GVII, GVIII and GIX groups allocated only one landrace each, respectively the individuals NSA1 (“copinha” cassava), NSA20 (“amarela” cassava) and JFD25 (“cacao” cassava). The Nei (*H) and Shannon (*I) diversity indices demonstrated the existence of genetic variability within the settlements and AMOVA indicated that the greatest genetic diversity is present within the settlements (76%). The analysis of the population structure using Structure formed two groups, according to the value of ΔK, allocating the ethnovarities in accordance with the study regions. Phenotypic and molecular characterization revealed that there is genetic variability among individuals of M. esculenta. This diversity can be used in the construction of active germplasm collections and in future breeding programs.
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GRAZIELE CIESLINSKI GONÇALVES
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Aplicação de doses de boro e Trichoderma atroviride em cultivo de soja na Amazônia Meridional
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Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
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Data: Mar 18, 2022
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Soybean stands out among the legumes produced due to its high nutritional value and its use in various sectors of the agroindustry, but in recent years, due to the high demand of the productive sector and the growth of grain consumption, it has been necessary to integrate new management techniques in order to increase crop productivity. Thus, seeking alternatives for sustainable management in agriculture, the present study aimed to analyze the ability of Trichoderma atroviride, applied at different vegetative stages, in its action as a growth promoter and in plant protection in soybean, associated with boron doses. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with applications of Trichoderma atroviride carried out at four different times (SEM, V5, R1 and R5) and five doses of boron (0, 500, 1000 , 1500 and 2000 g ha-1). The research was conducted on the property called Fazenda Bela Vista, located in the municipality of Alta Floresta. Trichoderma was applied in a solution of 2 x 107 conidia/mL via leaf on soybean. In the first chapter the effect of the treatments on the vegetative and productive characteristics of the soybean crop was addressed and in the second chapter the physiological response of the crop was evaluated. With the use of the microorganism associated with the micronutrient, it was not possible to significantly observe the growth promoting action and increase in soybean productivity, but it was observed the action as a plant protector, minimizing the different stressful conditions, in which, it was verified if the performance physiology of plants through the increment of elements that are essential for the growth and development of the culture.
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CARINE HEMKEMEIER
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QUALIDADE DO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES USOS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL
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Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
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Data: Mar 29, 2022
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The soils of southern Amazonia undergo modifications for the implementation of agriculture, livestock and forestry, and in general, these are poorly managed. And as these are naturally acidic and deficient in nutrients, due to accelerated weathering and the processes of soil formation, continue to affect their characteristics over the years, with all this, the quality of the soil is constantly altered. To know which managements were or are being less harmful to soils, we can study their attributes. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the quality of the soil through its chemical and physical characteristics, in addition to carrying out the study of the fractionation of phosphorus together with the microbial activity of the soil, in different uses that consisted of pasture areas, natural regeneration, tillage, forestry with teak production and forest fragment, in the south of the Amazon. We evaluate the physical attributes through porosity, density and penetration resistance; biological indicators by soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, metabolic quotient and acid phosphatase; the chemicals were evaluated by the analysis of soil acidity, nutrient saturation, aluminum and hydrogen contents, organic matter, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable potassium and phosphorus. Due to the importance of phosphorus for crops and its deficiency in this region, its fractionation in the soil was evaluated. Most characteristics are influenced by management, where certain practices benefit the chemical characteristics of the soil, while others harm certain characteristics, mainly physical and microbiological characteristics.
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ANDERSON ALEX SANDRO DOMINGOS DE ALMEIDA
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NeoTropTrans 1.0, um banco de dados para a conservação da biodiversidade vegetal na Transição Cerrado-Amazônia
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Advisor : PEDRO VASCONCELLOS EISENLOHR
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Data: Mar 30, 2022
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The standardization of biological information dispersed in biodiversity platforms is essential to condense complete and reliable information on species composition and physical characteristics of the environment. Thus, our objective was to build a database with plant species occurring in the Cerrado-Amazon transition (CAT), containing the collection records and their geographic coordinates. Based on this database, called ‘NeoTropTrans’, we seek to answer the following questions: 1) What are the most representative species, genera and families in the CAT? 2) What are the best-sampled regions and vegetation types and those with the greatest gaps in collections? 3) How are species occurrence records distributed along the different land use and land cover categories in the CAT? The occurrence records of plant species (angiosperms, gymnosperms and ferns) were obtained from the speciesLink, GBIF and REFLORA online platforms. We compiled 51,886 occurrence records for the Cerrado-Amazon transition, of which 50,523 of angiosperms, 14 of gymnosperms and 1,349 of ferns/lycophytes. Among these records, 28,536 were for trees, 19,665 for shrubs, 9,970 for herbs, 6,619 for vines (woody and non-woody), 5,203 for subshrubs, 618 for palms, 50 for bamboos and 24 for succulents. The occurrence records were distributed in 209 families, 1,384 genera and 5,889 species. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae (699), Rubiaceae (317) and Poaceae (262). The genera with the highest species richness were Miconia (96), Piper (71) and Solanum (58). The families with the highest number of occurrences were Fabaceae (6,765), Rubiaceae (2,713) and Melastomataceae (2,276). The genera with the highest number of records were Miconia (1398), Protium (844) and Solanum (652). Among the most common species, Pourouma minor Benoist (214 records), Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm. (174), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don (170), Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC (160) and Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (144). We obtained 2,738 species occurring only in the Amazon and/or Cerrado, representing 46.49% of the total species present in the database. This ecotone, due to its large territorial area, provides diversified habitats, allowing the occurrence of species from adjacent biomes. With NeoTropTrans we hope to make better use of the data available on biodiversity platforms for the transition between the largest biogeographic regions of the Neotropics.
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PAULO HENRIQUE DE OLIVEIRA VELOZO
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Modificações ambientais e sua influência na produção, qualidade e ecofisiologia de tomateiros na Amazônia Mato-Grossense
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Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
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Data: May 31, 2022
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The challenges encountered in tomato cultivation, in addition to ongoing climate changes, result in the urgency of developing environmental control technologies in order to increase fruit productivity and quality under conditions of intense availability of solar energy and high temperature. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cultivation environment, covered with alveolar polycarbonate (PL) plates, through which a continuous flow of water was applied, and compared to a conventional cultivation environment covered with agricultural film (AF), under the tropical climatic conditions of the Mato Grosso Amazon. In both environments, the hybrid Fascínio was cultivated in pots, at 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 and 0,6 m spacing in the row and 1,25 m between rows, from June to October. In the PL environment, a reduction of 42% of the transmissivity of the global radiation, 26% of the PAR radiation, 1 °C in the average ambient temperature, 5 °C in the average temperature of the leaves and a lower transpiration rate was verified. In the FA environment, higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, concentration of phenols, β-carotene, chromaticity and production of small fruits were observed, while fruits with larger diameter and greater average fruit mass were observed in the PL environment, as well as higher production of lycopene, activity antioxidant, greater leaf area and plant height. Regarding mean relative humidity, total production, commercial production, number of commercial fruits, % of loss, dry mass of leaves and stems, stem diameter, °Brix, texture and angle h°, there were no significant differences between environments. Regarding commercial productivity, the 0,2 m treatment showed the highest average of 144 t ha-1, followed by the 0,3 m treatment with 114 t ha-1. The PL environment can be recommended for regions with high solar incidence.
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SAMARA SANTOS DE SOUZA
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INFLUÊNCIA DOS SOLOS E DO ESPAÇO SOBRE A VARIAÇÃO, DISTRIBUIÇÃO E A RIQUEZA DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM AFLORAMENTO ROCHOSO NA TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO-AMAZÔNIA
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Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
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Data: May 31, 2022
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Between the Amazonian DMF and the Cerrado DMF, there is a transition zone, marked by the phytophysiognomic diversity and ecosystem complexity resulting from the floristic interactions of the different Domains. This diversity can, on a broader scale, be explained by climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, relief, etc.; however, there is variation in the diversity, composition and structure of vegetation under the same climatic conditions, which can be explained by the interaction of edaphic, hydrological, geomorphological and climatic factors.
Our objective is to investigate the influence of soil attributes on the distribution and species richness in a rocky outcrop area; for this, we collected soil samples from 25 subplots installed in RPPN Cristalino and performed analyzes of 23 physical-chemical soil attributes. For the statistical analysis we used a matrix of soil, richness, distribution and a spatial matrix. To verify the variation of soil attributes, we performed a PCA; to verify the affinity between these attributes, we performed a “Hierarchical Grouping of Variables” and a correlation matrix; to verify the influence of soil on distribution and richness, we performed correlation analysis, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLM); in addition, we performed a partitioning analysis of the variation and response curve for the variables selected by the model. Results: the variation of soil attributes was greater than expected by chance; the first axis of explained 30.7% of the variation, with N, Ct, Mn, Ca, C.ORG., M.O., Mg, Silt, pH H2O being the most important variables. The second axis explained 20.57% of the variation, with Zn, Cu, P. res, the most important variables. The variables were grouped as expected, elements related to organic matter, texture and acidity, with some exceptions such as Mn, which was grouped with Ca and Mg, probably because it is an element of the source rock. The elements Fe and Mn were significant to explain species distribution, and P. res influenced species richness more than expected by chance. In the variation partitioning, the environment and the environment + space were the ones that contributed the most to the model, the space was just not important to explain the variation. From the selected variables, we performed the response curves to verify the affinity of the species to the attributes, the results are very variable between the species. Even in a small area, there was variation in soil attributes, the species that present a greater range of tolerance may be benefiting; source rock elements such as Mn may be filtering the occurrence or abundance of species.
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ISABEL DE CAMPOS
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COMPOSTOS ANTIOXIDANTES DE CHICÓRIA-DO-PARÁ (Eryngium foetidum L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SOMBREAMENTOS E MÉTODOS DE SECAGEM
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Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
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Data: Jul 29, 2022
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The chicória-do-pará is a vegetable considered an ethnomedicinal agent and its consumption is usually with the fresh plant, as a condiment. In Brazil, the cultivation of this vegetable is carried out in urban backyards and vegetable gardens, in small areas, and the use of screens in production is little reported. The nutritional importance of this vegetable is related, especially, to the content of antioxidants present in the leaves. Thus, seeking alternatives that can increase the content of these bioactives in chicória-do-pará, and their production, is one of the targets of this research. Another point is the increase in the conservation and storage time of this vegetable, through the drying of the leaves since dehydrated foods can be an alternative for consumption for prolonged periods. At first, we aimed to evaluate the stability of antioxidant compounds of this vegetable, submitted to different drying methods, since in the literature, few data on the influence of the drying method on the biochemical composition of chicória-do-pará are found. Regarding the drying methods, the chicory leaves were submitted to drying in a forced air circulation oven at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC, as well as drying by exposure to sunlight and shade. After drying, biochemical analyzes were performed (flavonoids, phenolic acids, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP). In the “Solar” treatment, significant results were not observed for all the analyzed variables, when compared to the other drying methods used. The flavonoid content in the plants was higher when dried in an oven at 50 and 60 ºC and in the “shade”. Phenolic acids and antioxidant activity by ABTS report significant results in plants submitted to “shade” drying, as well as for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP, in addition to drying in an oven at 50 ºC and in “shade”, the use of oven at 40ºC also revealed significant results. Thus, we can conclude that the “shade” drying proved to be promising, which makes it a good option for drying chicória-do-pará, with good stability of the compounds when compared to the other evaluated methods, since the plants subjected to this treatment showed a high content of flavonoids, ac. phenolics, total phenols and high antioxidant activity demonstrated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Drying in an oven at 70 ºC was not effective for the maintenance of any of the compounds analyzed.
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LORIENE GOMES DA ROCHA
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Efeitos do fogo em floresta e cerrado no Sul da Amazônia
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Advisor : BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR
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Data: Aug 23, 2022
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ROCHA. Loriene Gomes. M.Sc. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, may 2022. Effects of fire on forest and savannah in southern Amazonia. Adviser: Ben Hur Marimon Junior. Co-adviser: Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho. Co-adviser: Célia Regina Araújo Soares Lopes
Droughts and temperature extremes are becoming increasingly frequent and intense in the Amazon, ideal conditions for the occurrence of forest fires. This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by fire on the tree component. The study was carried out in two areas of forest (cerradão and open ombrophilous forest), and one of savanna (typical cerrado) in Southern Amazon. Between the years inventoried, there were two forest fires that reached the study areas, probably of anthropic origin. The vegetation that suffered the greatest impacts of the fire was the open ombrophilous forest, with a percentage of deaths of 29.7%, followed by the cerradão (27.99%) and typical cerrado (9.12%). Even in the face of the various reasons that caused the mortality of 736 individuals of the 3,636 between the years inventoried, 511 (69,4%) of these showed evidence of death caused by fire, considering the three areas. Even in the Cerrado, vegetation more adapted to fire, we registered a negative balance of species and individuals because of the fires. Our results show that there were significant reductions in species diversity and considerable structural damages in the cerradão and ombrophilous forest phytophysiognomies. Such alterations can, in the long- and medium-term, with the recurrence of fires, affect permanently the functionality of these ecosystems causing irreversible damages that could lead to a permanent tipping point of the vegetation, especially in the ombrophilous forest and cerradão. Therefore, it is important to continue with forest inventories to monitor the conservation status of phytophysiognomies in the event of a possible recurrence or absence of the fires.
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ISABEL DE CAMPOS
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COMPOSTOS ANTIOXIDANTES DE CHICÓRIA-DO-PARÁ (Eryngium foetidum L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SOMBREAMENTOS E MÉTODOS DE SECAGEM
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Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
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Data: Sep 29, 2022
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The chicória-do-pará is a vegetable considered an ethnomedicinal agent and its consumption is usually with the fresh plant, as a condiment. In Brazil, the cultivation of this vegetable is carried out in urban backyards and vegetable gardens, in small areas, and the use of screens in production is little reported. The nutritional importance of this vegetable is related, especially, to the content of antioxidants present in the leaves. Thus, seeking alternatives that can increase the content of these bioactives in chicória-do-pará, and their production, is one of the targets of this research. Another point is the increase in the conservation and storage time of this vegetable, through the drying of the leaves since dehydrated foods can be an alternative for consumption for prolonged periods. At first, we aimed to evaluate the stability of antioxidant compounds of this vegetable, submitted to different drying methods, since in the literature, few data on the influence of the drying method on the biochemical composition of chicória-do-pará are found. Regarding the drying methods, the chicory leaves were submitted to drying in a forced air circulation oven at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC, as well as drying by exposure to sunlight and shade. After drying, biochemical analyzes were performed (flavonoids, phenolic acids, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP). In the “Solar” treatment, significant results were not observed for all the analyzed variables, when compared to the other drying methods used. The flavonoid content in the plants was higher when dried in an oven at 50 and 60 ºC and in the “shade”. Phenolic acids and antioxidant activity by ABTS report significant results in plants submitted to “shade” drying, as well as for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP, in addition to drying in an oven at 50 ºC and in “shade”, the use of oven at 40ºC also revealed significant results. Thus, we can conclude that the “shade” drying proved to be promising, which makes it a good option for drying chicória-do-pará, with good stability of the compounds when compared to the other evaluated methods, since the plants subjected to this treatment showed a high content of flavonoids, ac. phenolics, total phenols and high antioxidant activity demonstrated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Drying in an oven at 70 ºC was not effective for the maintenance of any of the compounds analyzed.
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CLEOMAR ATILIO CIGOLINI
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POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: limites e potencialidades para o desenvolvimento da Agricultura Familiar em município da Amazônia Meridional
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Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
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Data: Nov 30, 2022
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The scope of the research is based on family agriculture and the highlighting of public policies that support its development, which promote job and income generation and provide food and nutritional security for the population. As an example of public policy, the National School Meals Program (PNAE) is cited, which aims to combat food insecurity in the school environment. Moreover, as expressly provided in Article 14 of Law No. 11947/2009, with the application of at least 30% of its resources in the acquisition of products from family agriculture. Given this scenario, the general objective of the study, sought to analyze the limits and potentialities of the National School Meals Program as a driving force for promoting the development of family agriculture in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, in the southern Amazon. In this sense, the study was divided into two chapters, in which, the first aims to analyze the PNAE itself, the limits and potentialities for its realization and the second chapter, to characterize the socioeconomic profile of family farmers who are assisted by PNAE. Thus, due to the multidisciplinary nature of the research, different methodologies were used, such as bibliometry, as it is a statistical and quantitative technique that measures the production and dissemination rates of scientific knowledge, using Bibliometrix, a tool developed in R programming language, to process the bibliometric data obtained from the Scopus databases. Besides the collection of secondary data from the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, and the literature review. In the second part, we used a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a qualitative-quantitative approach. With this, the results observed in the research, between the years 2011 to 2021, show that the municipality has found it difficult to achieve the minimum indices as defined in the legislation, recording on average 16.93% of investments of PNAE resources in the acquisition of products from Family Farming. Moreover, there was a low variation in the transfers from FNDE to the municipality, as opposed to an accumulation of 58.89% in inflationary losses. As for the results of the second chapter, it can be observed that 61% of the family farmers are over 51 years old, and that they face difficulties in logistics/transportation with 28% of the indications, and bureaucracy to commercialize their production with 24%. Moreover, an important institutional market such as the Food Purchase Program (PAA) shows a tendency to retract, representing in 2021, 3.18% of the value reached in 2012, the year with the highest peak of investment. Finally, the study proposes some actions to the actors involved to achieve the objectives proposed in the law and offer better conditions for school meals and family farmers. Furthermore, the family farmer of Alta Floresta (MT) is aging and young people need public policies to strengthen programs such as PNAE and PAA to generate income and create an attractive environment to stay in the field.
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